Relativity
The principles of relativity as enunciated by Albert Einstein less than a century ago have a special place in contemporary
science. It is therefore important for me to see if the different interpretation of the substance of matter expressed in my
hypothesis is compatible with the principles of his theory. One big question presented to science in the beginning of this
century involved the physical properties of a substance called Ether, a medium that was theoretically necessary to the propagation
of the electromagnetic waves
If the
electromagnetic waves were transmitted through the ether, in a phenomenon similar to the sound waves in the air or the water
waves in the sea we had to describe the substance of this transmitting medium while defining its physical properties. The
velocity of light in empty space had been determined, (its value known to a very precise degree); in a similarity with the
others known wave phenomena its velocity was found to be constant within the same substantial medium. If the observed vibrations
known as electromagnetic waves, generated through the Ether by energetic impulses, had to possess characteristics similar
to the waves observed in nature, the medium necessary for their transmission had to be understood as a substance permeating
the whole universe that by necessity had to be static in nature. That assumption being true, we could define a universal system
of cardinal axes pertaining to that static medium, relatively to which every position of a body in motion could be referred
to and defined. We could find that way the absolute space relationship of every object known in the universe.
The best-known experiment designed to find the
relationship of a movement with respect to the ether cardinal axes, was made in the 1880's by two collaborating scientists
Michelson and Morley. If light was indeed traveling like a wave in a medium at a determined constant velocity, a light signal
sent by a source in the direction of the moving earth velocity would have to result in the addition of the velocity of the
movement of the light source on the earth surface plus the constant velocity of the wave transmission in the ethereal medium.
The velocity of light taken in the direction of the moving earth will have therefore to register as an increase with respect
to the absolute universal axes of the system. The velocity measured when the earth surface is traveling in an opposite direction,
would have to be registered as a decrease in velocity with respect to those axes. A difference, even if very small, had to
appear in the measurement of light velocity when taken in different directions of a moving earth. The Michelson-Morley experiment,
repeated later on with even more precision and care never showed any variation in the velocity of light taken in different
directions of the earth movement, disavowing this way the existence of what at the time was called by Laurentz the ether
wind.
George Francis FitzGerald in order
to explain these results, made the hypothesis that this expected ether wind effect was indeed taking place, but anybody
proceeding in the wind at a certain velocity, would shorten along the line of its velocity vector. Since this shortening in
the direction of movement would have to take place within any adopted measuring device, it was impossible to detennine the
occurring variation in the length of an object and therefore any change of dimensions due to a variation in its velocity.
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz worked out the mathematical equations describing that phenomenon that is now referred to as the Lorentz
FitzGerald contraction.
Lo is the length
of the object measured at rest
L = Lo x v^2 / c ^2
L is the observed length of a speeding object measured in the direction
of its velocity, v is its velocity and C is the velocity of light. Looking at that equation, resulting variation in the length
of an object can only be noticed when its velocity v is close to C. An actual measurement of the phenomenon is practically
impossible, but we can relay on another related property of a speeding object, that was predicted by both Lorentz and Einstein
equations. An increase in the velocity of motion of an object will also be felt as an increase in its mass. Albert Einstein
also involved himself with the problem raised by the constancy of the light velocity and in 1905 published a paper on the
subject that, while accepting the Lorentz FitzGerald mathematic equations, was coming to a different conclusion in explaining
the results obtained by the Morley experiment. Einstein never believed in the idea of substantial ether and therefore in the
presence of an ether wind. His theory, later called the special theory of relativity, assumed that the linear dimensions of
an object in motion taken in the direction of its velocity vector, from a system of cardinal axes moving at the velocity of
an observer, would show different results if taken by another observer in a system moving at a different velocity. The space
time relationship measured within a system is relative to the velocity of motion of the observer and its chosen cardinal axes.
Einstein does not attribute the constancy of the velocity of light to the action of the ether wind, but to a space time principle
that he describes in his theory of relativity. Every system measures the velocity of light with respect to its chosen cardinal
axes, for being the same irrespectively of the velocity of the light source, because those selected axes are arbitrarily assumed
to be at rest. According to Einstein, there is not one universal system, defined by cardinal axes that can be selected to
be the one at rest, but any measurement can only be made relatively to the observer point of view. To experimentally measure
the variation in dimensions of a body traveling at such a speed seems impossible. In the theory enunciated by Lorentz as well
as by Einstein the mass of the traveling body will also increase with its velocity, a property that can indeed be tested.
Since the particles in an accelerator can reach almost the speed of light and their mass
can be very accurately determined by measuring the deflection occurring in their trajectories in a magnetic field, a proposition
that could be experimentally verified.
The deflection in the
particle trajectory when determined was found to be exactly what Einstein equations had predicted. The partic1es in the experiment
were indeed increasing their mass with an increase in velocity this way proving the Einstein theory of relativity to be correct
in its assumptions. If a measured contraction of a body along its velocity vector actually exists, the only difference remaining
between the Lorentz and Einstein theories is in the interpretation of a reason for the occurring event. Einstein never believed
in the existence of ether as conceived at that time. The ether was a substance comprehending the whole universe, through which
particles of matter was moving and in which the electromagnetic waves expanded generating waves of compression and rarefaction,
similar to sound waves. This concept with its implications was indeed difficult to accept. If we instead imagine the ether
as a substance that is in itself the body of the Universe in which localized energy sources generate intensity impulses and
implosion waves, we easily can understand the existence of an ether wind and the Lorentz FitzGerald contraction. Our new hypothesis
therefore is not contradicting the special theory of relativity, but is actually clarifying that concept by putting it on
a less abstract interpretation.
Einstein followed the special theory of relativity
with the general theory of relativity. While in the special theory, Einstein limits its observations to the space time relationship
of objects moving at a constant velocity, in the general theory of relativity he analyzes bodies in motion subject to acceleration.
In observing that the acceleration of an inertial body of a certain mass under the action of a force is equal to the acceleration
caused on the same body by the force of gravity, he concluded that the gravitational forces of attraction are caused by the
distortion in a space time relationship produced by the mass of the bodies themselves. The mathematical equations following
Einstein special and general theory of relativity were proven correct in their description of the phenomena encountered in
both the infinitesimal and the astronomical world.
We must add that Einstein
theory based on mathematical points and defined trajectories is in contrast with a vision of the universe as understood by
the quantum theory, of which Einstein himself was not comfortable with. We believe therefore that our hypothesis is not contradictory
to the Einstein theory, but it is actually closer to it in its interpretation than is expressed in the science of particle
physics. While He attributes the gravitational attraction to an interpretation of events happening in a space-time continuum,
we will recognize the existence of implosion waves generated by the action of energy in the textured body of a substantial
Universal field. Within the new hypothesis is easier to envision the Lorentz Fitzgerald contraction as a shortening of the
dimension of a body along the line of its motion due to the effect by them attributed by Laurentz to an ether wind.
